No life in outer space

For centuries, man has always wondered if he is alone in the entire universe, questions like who built the pyramids in Egypt or the Stonehenge in England have always been in a question in the minds. The term extra terrestrial has always fascinated us, and there have been many movies and book made and written simultaneously, and there have been claims of people who saw U.F.O (Unidentified Flying Object), and strange sized people, but till date no government in the entire world has not approved to these claims, and moreover most of them have been always declared as hoaxes or a misunderstanding with the high powered stealth planes.But the fact of the matter is that whatever technology and scientific research we have, it shows that is impossible to have a life existence apart from Earth for various scientific reasons, as whole scenario of existence of aliens and life in outer space is just based on hoaxes, stories and assumptions.The whole theory of existence of an alien life form exist on the cynical question, that if humans and other living creatures were born in this planet, then it is also possible for other life organism to take origin on other planets. The whole episode of existence was well supported, which led to the formation of the famous SETI (Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence), but this organization which has a basis on scientific evidences on the basis of radio and optic frequencies have failed for more than four decades to establish even a single contact, or even to prove the slightest amount proof of living organism existing on other planets.Even after their failure in detecting any life forms, the staff of SETI is still hopeful; this can be evident from the following:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"If we are alone, then that’s extraordinarily remarkable in such a vast universe. Personally I don’t think we’re that special†(Courtesy: Prof Seth Shostak, SETI institute)On the basis of the amount of technology we have, if we have to assess the planets in our own galaxy, existence of life seems to be a very distance vision, as scientifically it cannot be proved that our solar system has any existence of an alien life form. If we take the instance of Mercury, being so close to the sun, it is impossible to have any possibility of having life, because of the intense heat. Moon which is supposed to be our satellite has no atmosphere, thus it is again impossible for life to exist without atmosphere.The gassy planets in our solar system, provides inhabitable conditions, as there is no solid land for life to exist, critics have removed theories of possibility of life existence in Jupiter’s moon, but still no evidence has been proven. Pluto is very far away from the sun, making it a very cold planet, thus eliminating the chances of existence of life in it. Mars is the only planet that can be considered, because of a percentage of its nature like earth, but Mars has a very harsh atmosphere compared to earth, and it doesn ’t have Ozone, theories are implicated about life in mars, but the â€Å"Viking† which was send 26 years ago and the â€Å"rover†, which was send now hasn’t given any substantial proof to it.In fact SETI itself admits that the sightings done on earth were hoaxes or illusions which is confirmed by the followingâ€Å"Most of the sightings can be explained as natural phenomena or aircraft or balloons or other mundane stuff. I still haven't seen any evidence that any of these sightings involve alien spacecraft†.(Courtesy: Prof Seth Shostak, SETI institute)The truth is since we have can only base the theories of existence of life on other planets, is by look at our habitable conditions, and if we look for planets for conditions like ours, then it is next to impossible, to find the same amount of habitable conditions, as earth’s life was created by a no. of permuted combinations, which is further substantiated by the following:â€Å"Intelligent l ife on earth – product of series of extremely fortunate accidents†(Courtesy: â€Å"Life in the universe, are we alone†, Retrieved on February 10th 2008 by site http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/astr121/Notes/Chapter28.html#solsys)If theories still have to be raised then it would be of life existing beyond our solar system, but our technology hasn’t reached so far that we can actually scan the entire universe for life and with the amount of high technology we seem to have, it seems till date, life on other planet is not possible, as all the planets that have come under the scrutiny of possible existence of life do not match earth’s habitable condition, and thus are discarded from any possibility.Aliens and extra terrestrial’s life forms have always and will continue to be a subject of awe and belief for many, and when it comes to science, it only asks for proofs and subjective evidence to accept any theory that would bring light to any evide nce of life in outer space.Reference:1)         http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/astr121/Notes/Chapter28.html#solsys2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nicholas backman,†Life in outer space?†, http://www.virtualsciencefair.org/2007/back7n2/Report.pdf.3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SETI: Search For Extra-Terrestial Intelligence, http://www.faqs.org/docs/air/taseti.html4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.astobiology.arc.nasa.gov/roadmap/g1.html No life in outer space For centuries, man has always wondered if he is alone in the entire universe, questions like who built the pyramids in Egypt or the Stonehenge in England have always been in a question in the minds. The term extra terrestrial has always fascinated us, and there have been many movies and book made and written simultaneously, and there have been claims of people who saw U.F.O (Unidentified Flying Object), and strange sized people, but till date no government in the entire world has not approved to these claims, and moreover most of them have been always declared as hoaxes or a misunderstanding with the high powered stealth planes. But the fact of the matter is that whatever technology and scientific research we have, it shows that is impossible to have a life existence apart from Earth for various scientific reasons, as whole scenario of existence of aliens and life in outer space is just based on hoaxes, stories and assumptions.The whole theory of existence of an alien life form exist on the cynical question, that if humans and other living creatures were born in this planet, then it is also possible for other life organism to take origin on other planets. The whole episode of existence was well supported, which led to the formation of the famous SETI (Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence), but this organization which has a basis on scientific evidences on the basis of radio and optic frequencies have failed for more than four decades to establish even a single contact, or even to prove the slightest amount proof of living organism existing on other planets.Even after their failure in detecting any life forms, the staff of SETI is still hopeful; this can be evident from the following:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"If we are alone, then that’s extraordinarily remarkable in such a vast universe. Personally I don’t think we’re that special†Ã‚  (Courtesy: Prof Seth Shostak, SETI institute)On the basis of the amount of technology we have, if we have to as sess the planets in our own galaxy, existence of life seems to be a very distance vision, as scientifically it cannot be proved that our solar system has any existence of an alien life form. If we take the instance of Mercury, being so close to the sun, it is impossible to have any possibility of having life, because of the intense heat. Moon which is supposed to be our satellite has no atmosphere, thus it is again impossible for life to exist without atmosphere. The gassy planets in our solar system, provides inhabitable conditions, as there is no solid land for life to exist, critics have removed theories of possibility of life existence in Jupiter’s moon, but still no evidence has been proven. Pluto is very far away from the sun, making it a very cold planet, thus eliminating the chances of existence of life in it. Mars is the only planet that can be considered, because of a percentage of its nature like earth, but Mars has a very harsh atmosphere compared to earth, and it doesn’t have Ozone, theories are implicated about life in mars, but the â€Å"Viking† which was send 26 years ago and the â€Å"rover†, which was send now hasn’t given any substantial proof to it.In fact SETI itself admits that the sightings done on earth were hoaxes or illusions which is confirmed by the followingâ€Å"Most of the sightings can be explained as natural phenomena or aircraft or balloons or other mundane stuff. I still haven't seen any evidence that any of these sightings involve alien spacecraft†.(Courtesy: Prof Seth Shostak, SETI institute)The truth is since we have can only base the theories of existence of life on other planets, is by look at our habitable conditions, and if we look for planets for conditions like ours, then it is next to impossible, to find the same amount of habitable conditions, as earth’s life was created by a no. of permuted combinations, which is further substantiated by the following:â€Å"Intelli gent life on earth – product of series of extremely fortunate accidents†(Courtesy: â€Å"Life in the universe, are we alone†, Retrieved on February 10th 2008 by site http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/astr121/Notes/Chapter28.html#solsys)If theories still have to be raised then it would be of life existing beyond our solar system, but our technology hasn’t reached so far that we can actually scan the entire universe for life and with the amount of high technology we seem to have, it seems till date, life on other planet is not possible, as all the planets that have come under the scrutiny of possible existence of life do not match earth’s habitable condition, and thus are discarded from any possibility.Aliens and extra terrestrial’s life forms have always and will continue to be a subject of awe and belief for many, and when it comes to science, it only asks for proofs and subjective evidence to accept any theory that would bring light to any evidence of life in outer space.Reference:1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/life/looking/index.shtml2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/astr121/Notes/Chapter28.html#solsys3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nicholas backman,†Life in outer space?†, http://www.virtualsciencefair.org/2007/back7n2/Report.pdf.4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SETI: Search For Extra-Terrestial Intelligence, http://www.faqs.org/docs/air/taseti.html5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.astobiology.arc.nasa.gov/roadmap/g1.html

Driving is Your Responsibility: Modules on Driving

Also, that a 16 year old risk of getting in car accident is higher then any other age group. If you do not have your permit, please provide the last four digits of your social security number so that your teacher can issue your drug and alcohol certificate. My last four digits are: Module 2: The Driver: Describe three aha moments that you had as you worked through Module Two. 1 . That we have two different type of vision central and peripheral. 2. â€Å"Aim high and look ahead, don't look down† This is important because we can spot curves from far 3.When I found out you must have a optimistic attitude to drive but not too pessimistic cause if you're to optimistic you can be a bad driver. How will this information affect you as a driver now and in the future? (2-3 sentences) This information will affect me as a driver because if I follow these rules I can be a good driver. If I don't follow these rules I can cause serious accident that may result in my death or someone else dea th. Module 3: Natural Forces Affecting the Driver 2. Inertia- When a object is at rest it will remain at rest.While an object in motion will remain in motion in the same direction unless a force touch it. 3. Potential Energy- Its energy an object already has in it self. 4. Kinetic Energy- The energy made while an object is in motion. 5. Friction-Its the restraint between the movement of two surface in contact. 6. Traction- Traction is always affected by friction someway somehow. 7. Centrifugal Force- The opposite of centripetal force. It doesn't seek to be in the middle. It also increase a person acceleration. 8. Centripetal Force-Its a force that seeks to be in the middle. 10. Force of impact- Is the force made when objects meet.Module 4: Signs, Signals & Pavement Markings 1. Explain the purpose of the following A. The difference between solid and broken lines is: In a solid line you can not pass over it while on a broken line you may pass over it. B. Yellow lines (broken or solid) indicate what type of traffic flow: The yellow line indicates where the center of a two way traffic is at. You may cross over a broken yellow line but you can't cross a solid yellow line. C. White lines (broken or solid) indicate what type of traffic flow:White lines tells you which way traffic is traveling in your direction. 2.Observe and describe the different signs in YOUR city. Give specific examples of each (include color, shape, what the sign is for, etc. ). A. A regulatory sign: A speed limit of 35. Its a white rectangular shape sign. B. A motorist services sign: A hospital sign. It's a blue square sign with a capital H in the middle. C. A recreational sign: A recreational sign is brown and rectangular. A sign indicating to the Florida everglades. D. A sign that you know what it means because of its shape: A triangle sign is telling you to yield. 3. Explain 3 interesting or important facts from Module 3 and 4.A. An interesting wing I learn is that driving and physics are int erconnected. 8. 1 realize that the shapes and colors off sign tells you a lot about its meaning. C. An important fact I learn is that you can always drive over a broken but never a solid line unless there is hazard in the way. Module 5: Laws and Rules of the Road Create a car saying (Bumper Sticker) or a Road Sign (Billboard) that would describe one main point you learned in Module 5. This is an example off bumper sticker from a former student: the right speed is always a good deed. Enjoy your ride and don't collide! 1 . What would yours say? Don't be afraid to cease. Drive with ease. 2. How would it look? It would be on a neon green rectangular sticker with the saying in big bold black letters. 3. Now, write at least one paragraph (5 sentences or more) which explains why you thought this would make a great bumper sticker or billboard, and how it summarizes the information you learned in Module Five. I thought this would make a great bumper sticker because it's a very catchy phrase. When somebody read it. It will stay in their mind because its simple and catchy.This phrase summarizes this doodle because when driving you must remember all the laws and regulations the state of Florida may have. A driver can't be afraid to slow down or stop while driving when it is necessary. Plus a good driver must drive with ease meaning he has to drive with confidence. Module 6: Effects of Alcohol and Drugs Some day you might find yourself in a dangerous driving situation because of drugs, alcohol, or extreme drowsiness due to medication. Talk to a parent or guardian about what they would like for you to do if you find yourself in this situation.Answer the following questions in one or more complete sentences. . Explain three ways you can get home safely, without getting behind the wheel, if there are drugs or alcohol in your system. A. Let a friend who is sober give you a ride home. B. Call a taxi to take you to your destination. C. Call your mom and/or dad to pick you up eve n if you may face consequences its better then driving home intoxicated. 2. Explain three ways you can get home safely if the friend you rode with has drugs or alcohol in his system and you prevent him from getting behind the wheel. A. Take away their car keys and drive them home. B.Call his/her parents to pick him/her up. C. Use public transportation. 3. What would your parent/guardian want you to do? My parents would rather me to contact them to pick me up from my destination. They rather pick me up intoxicated then get a phone call from the police saying I kill somebody or myself because I was drinking and driving. 4. Look up and list the number of a local taxi or car service in your community. Include the company name and telephone number. Module 7: Collision Costs and Preventions There are many costs associated with owning and driving a car. The purchase of a car is only the beginning.There are maintenance costs, fees, tolls, taxes, fuel and insurance. For the next few question s, you will explore these costs by talking to a parent or guardian about your driving responsibilities. 1. Will I have a vehicle of my own to drive, or will I share? My vehicle would be shared with my parents. 2. Who will pay for the insurance and gas? My parents would pay for my car insurance and gas until I get a Job. 3. Contact your family car insurance company to obtain a cost estimate. How much will you be expected to pay monthly or annually? My parents would be expected to pay 175. 3 a month. . If you drive 50 miles each week and your car gets 25 miles to the gallon with gas costing $4. 00 per gallon, how much gas will you have to buy? I would pay $8. 00 a week. 5. If you get paid $8. 00 per hour at your Job and insurance is $200 a month, how many hours will you have to work to pay for insurance? I would have to work 25 hours. 6. Will your parents set restrictions on your driving such as the hours of the day you can drive or how many passengers you can have in the car? If so, please include restrictions. My restrictions would be that I'm allowed to drive am to pm.Plus I'm to allowed to have friends in my car. 7. Will your parents allow you to drive to school, work, on major highways, how far from home can you drive? Please include where you will be allowed to drive. I would be able to drive to school and work when I do get Job. 8. Never text and drive! Discuss with your parents the use of your cell phone when driving. Explain to them the one situation when it would be appropriate to talk on your cell phone. Then write the situation you spoke with them about. It would be appropriate to talk to my parents when I am park. Never answer my phone when I'm riving.Module 8: Substance Abuse Choose one option to complete your 5-8 sentence paragraph in this section. Imagine a close friend is planning to go out and celebrate this weekend. You know your friend intends to drink and may experiment with drugs. You are not only concerned for her well-being but also worri ed that she might get behind the wheel and drive. Using the information you learned in module 8, write a paragraph persuading your friend to make safe choices. List at least 3 dangers she may face and 2 alternatives for her to safely and legally enjoy the celebration. Dear Friend,

Good and Bad Experiences Essay

One of the many memorable scenes in Lac Su’s memoir, I Love Yous Are for White People, takes place in Chapter Four. It is the scene where Lac’s father takes his family out to buy their first restaurant meal. I find it a very interesting and hilarious scene. Pa receives some extra food stamps from Uncle Sam, so he decides to take his family out to the restaurant around the corner of their house. Obviously, this is the first time of them eating in the American restaurant; therefore, everything is kind of new for them. Since the only one who knows English in the family is Lac, it is not quite easy for them to order foods. The family has to order food through Lac, or they point at the pictures on the menu to order. Even when the food arrives at their table, which are hamburgers and French fries, they still do not know what those are and how to eat them. Lac’s father even asks him if they need to use chopsticks to eat the hamburgers, and says the other patrons are sav ages when he sees they eat hamburgers with their bare hands. When they are done eating and the bill comes, the father pays the bill with the stamp foods, and it drives the waitress crazy when she keeps explaining to Lac’s father that the restaurant doesn’t take stamp foods but he doesn’t understand what she says. However, when the manager comes to their table to solve the problem, he accepts it. He takes all the stamp foods and twelve dollars cash and jettison the family out. This is a very hilarious scene in the memoir, and I remember this scene the most throughout the whole book. This memoir also examines the emotional and physical damage Pa causes for Lac Su. First, when he notices that Su steals money from the piggy bank, Pa whips Su as soon as they get home. Second, Pa forces Su to take all his clothes off until Su is completely naked. Next, Pa throws Su out in the crowded street to let him feels ashamed even though he insists Pa not to and cries. Then, Pa yells out to the street to make sure everybody notices Su when he’s naked (117). All the neighbors come out to street and laugh at Su. (117). When Pa finally lets Su go back inside, he still lectures Su for two hours and doesn’t care how tired and shocked Su is. In contrast to Lac Su’s life of minimal support, the most supportive person in my life has been my best friend, Trang. I first met her in tenth grade and we have been bestfriends since. She is the same age as me but she is wiser than me and open-minded. She has helped me so much in my  life. She is like my other sister who I could turn to when I have no one beside me. She has helped me make right decisions every time I have to do something important in my life. When I first came to the United States from Vietnam, it was the hardest time for me and she was the one who encouraged me to not give up. She told me to be happy and be positive. Until now, she still always tells me to be positive and stay happy. She is very good at keeping secrets; therefore, I feel like I can tell her everything in my life and expect no one knows about it but her. She also accepts and supports me for being who I am. Sometimes, I get bored and sad, but later, talking to her makes me feel better. She always helps me feel stronger and confident about myself. She was also the only one who helped me choose my major. My parents always wanted me to be a businessman or an engineer, they still do now, but I have never seen myself as an engineer or a businessman. I always see myself as a nurse working in the hospital. So, Trang talked me into pursuing my dream. There are many great and wonderful ways she has supported me.

Summary and evaluation writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary and evaluation writing - Essay Example Although, he admits that one may unintentionally omit some drawing aspects, he emphasizes on the essence of the incorporation of standard symbols and features when representing a source or a specific target. Goldschmidt ecucidates on how creative sketching can moderate the problem space by showing the representation behavior depicted in the sketches. While drawing has undergone evolution over the years with improvement of paper, Goldschmidt argues that it is recemmended for skilled sketchers to integrate orthogonal projections in their skecthes for complete representaion. Though a number of researcher suggest the benefits of imagery over sketches, Goldschmidt strongly disapproves this allegation. Concerning the beneficial aspect of skething on sharpening one’s creative imagination and reflective skills, I wholly support Goldschmidt. Though not every person or child may possess good skething skills or simply the passion as every individual has their innate capabilities. His ack nowlededgement of the fact that skething in a child improves over time to a detailed level is largely accurate as regular practice in sketching advances over time. However, I do not subscibe to the idea that emphasizes on the necessity of incorporating orthogonal projection as I strongly believe that each artist has their own way of enhancing their sketches. This takes me to the point that sketching is a liberated field and so every sketcher should do their own style. Lastly, I concur with Goldschmidt in emphasizing that sketches speak volumes as compared to imagery and they are easier to interpret. Although th use of imagery is crucial in creative writing, it is best suited for longer works besides involving some element of reading skills. Schon, D. 1983, ‘Design as a reflective conversation with the situation’, The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action, Basic Books, New York, pp. 76-104. Schon complains about the little attention that architecture has received over the years especially considering the fact that most design professions derive their foundation from architecture as field. He goes ahead to affirm how design can manifest as a reflective conversation more so in difficult and complex circumstances and situations. Schon categorically mentions in his article the close relationship between verbal and non-verbal communication, clearly depicting the essence of design as an architectural tool in eliminating language barrier. In reflecting the design aspects, Schon agrees that the shape plays an important role in architectural design as it forms silent reflective conversations with the subjects. Besides, he states the role of different shapes in as far as enhancing space is concerned. Schon claims that there are three dimensions attached to architectural design namely the consequences of the design sphere, the implications of the discovery, and the ability to respond to the situation. Schon argues that architectural desig n is crucial in solving problems of geometrical nature through critical and analytical reflection of the elements of design domain. I agree with Schon’s claim that architecture as the mother of all designs does not get the deserved acknowledgement in as far as

How does hierarchy within animation and manga production influence the Essay

How does hierarchy within animation and manga production influence the contents and stories of manga and anime - Essay Example During that time, the word manga was used to describe drawings. The present form of manga originated from America during the times of comic trips in the beginning of the 20th century (Schodt 1996: 22). Japan saw a big difference and impact of the American culture with amusing books and films being brought to entertain the occupation forces. After the World War II, new artist in the animation are sprouted in japan. These artists changed the manga rebranded it to new style to help television animation in Japan. Tekeza –artists- initially influenced by the Disney animations created a popular manga that was appealing to all ages. They created a broad variety of work from children to adult stories with moral heroes and peep plots. Among the Tezuka’s famous jobs of the time are Jungle Empire and Astro Boy. As the spirit of evolution of animation continued to rock Japan, a quality animation by Japanese animator Hayao Miyazaki took over the market scene of animation. The film S pirited Away won her an Oscar due to the quality art work and the controversy of the female heroes in a society which is male dominated. Japanese animation (anime) and the comics (manga) have increasingly become popular in many countries. This is because the Japanese animation and comics have a different style to the other styles. The anime and the manga cover for all the categories of animation and contain genres that range from child to adult. The words animation, animator and animated are all derived from a Latin word ‘’animare† which means to give life to a nonliving thing. In the contest of video film, the word commonly refers to the act of artificial formation of impression of movement in animated forms and lines. Therefore, in definition the word means the practice of making an impression of movement which has been indirectly recorded in the convectional photographic sense from a film made by hand. However, it ought to be noted that this

Optimization of Pore Pressure Prediction for Effective Well Planning Thesis

Optimization of Pore Pressure Prediction for Effective Well Planning - Thesis Example The outcome of this research to reduce the deficiency of knowledge which has been correlated to the well planning and well drilling endeavors which have been previously completed. The latest technologies will be applied in regards to methods and paradigms of the forecasting of the fracture gradient and the forecasting of the pore pressure. The most effective practices in the estimation of pore pressures from the seismic velocity information will be applied. The most effective methods which are used in the industry with regards to the approximation of the formation pressure will be explored.   A great deal of the information which is collected in the discipline of well planning is derived from the well production crews. This thesis will incorporate a data base of information in addition to the information which is derived from a survey of the well production crews in order to validate the hypothesis. The well production crews are the initial source of information from which the cond itions of the wells are derived. This thesis will also incorporate a database of information which is pressure directed from a diverse number of wells with different characteristics. These wells are found in deep water, offshore, swampland and the Niger Delta environment. The data which is collected from the oil well production crews will be applied in order to ascertain the best practices for effective well drilling and maintenance.

Woolley v. Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. and Lucy v. Zehmer Essay

Woolley v. Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. and Lucy v. Zehmer - Essay Example In that case, the court is changing the employment law in Jersey State. In such a case when the plaintiff is not available, it is impossible to continue with the case, and automatic cessation of the case occurs. Any death occurring before the case is over and the jury have made the decision leads to final disqualification as one party that had information on the case is no longer available. The court is in the process of changing the court analysis in the country. The opinions of the employer are fair. Basic honesty is necessary in employment contracts. The jury had to make tight decisions since it is dependable on the future judgments. The common law of the country should hence be promoted for the sake of justice (Werhane, Radin, Bowie, & Wiley, 2004). For the employer to avoid such future problem, he should ensure that the employment manual is different from the employment contract to make everything clear. The whole task of selling the land ends up in a total dispute. It is accompanied by corruption such as bribing for the sake of convincing the buyer to fix the bargain. In addition to that, it seems that Zehmer was intoxicated with â€Å"drinks â€Å"at the time of the sales process, later confirming that the whole process was a joke. In addition to that, the price for the quoted land is far much low according to the economic standards, such that one may see it a joke buying such huge piece at such a low price. Zehmer also makes a commitment to sell the farm without making a prior and sober agreement with the wife but simply seduces her to sign the offer. If the defendants were in a position to accept that the whole process was a foul and joke, it would have implications or any change. It would remain a breach of contract of sale between the two parties. When one is making an agreement to sell a property or for employment purposes, he should note that, it remains critical to submit to the terms of the offer and to oblige to it in full. In the

The Rise & Fall of a Billion Dollar Company Enron Term Paper

The Rise & Fall of a Billion Dollar Company Enron - Term Paper Example In the year 1999, the company introduced its broadband services named as Enron Online, which was a website for trading commodities that enabled the company to acquire the largest position in the globe. A major chunk of business was acquired from online trade business (Fox, 2003). Growth of Enron over the years was tremendous.  In the year 2000, the company's annual revenue touched the new heights of USD 100 billion. It  stood at the position of the seventh largest company of the world as reported by the Fortune 500 and the sixth largest business entity in energy sector of the world. The company's stock price at capital market witnessed its peak that was 90 USD (Fusaro & Miller, 2002). Every one knew that Enron was the billionaire business conglomerate of the United States of America housed in Houston, Texas. The prime business of this entity was energy, commodities and services before it was declared bankrupt in the year 2001. It employed more than 20,000 employees to deal with t heir electricity natural gas, communication, pulp and paper company businesses that generated revenue around 101 billion USD (Fusaro & Miller, 2002). The renowned business magazine â€Å"Fortune† placed Enron as America’s the most innovative company for consecutive six years. In the year 2001, the signs of financial frauds came to surface in the said company. This had created a storm in the corporate world. With this financial scam, many questions were raised about the efficiency of standard accounting practice. To overcome this situation in future, the legislators of USA created Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (McLean & Elkind, 2003). The dissolution of Arthur Anderson accounting firm had jolted number of companies around the world. The Enron financial scam was considered as one of the biggest and perhaps most complex bankruptcy cases in the history of United States of America (Fox, 2003). Incumbents In the year 1990, Jeff Skilling, Chief Financial Officer, hired Andrew Fa stow, who was well versed with the tricks of the trade wanted to exploit the energy market. To achieve the desired goal, Fastow established numerous entities to handle common business practices. It also allowed Enron to place liability in order to maintain a robust growth of stock price to keep its critical investment grade credit ratings intact (Swartz & Watkins, 2003). Kenneth Lee "Ken" Lay was an American businessman whose role in terms of widely reported corruption that caused the downfall of Enron cannot be undermined. He and Enron became the part and parcel of corporate abuse and accounting fraud. Lay was enjoying the status of CEO and Chairman of Enron over a period of two decades till his resignation (Brewer & Hansen, 2002). In the year 2004, Lay was indicted by a constituted grand jury on 11 counts concerning securities’ frauds. The trial of Lay and Skilling began in Houston wherein Lay was found guilty on account of committing and abetting financial frauds. The comp etent court of law awarded him punishment on 10 counts leaving the 11th count relating to securities fraud, making false and misleading statements. Each count as per American Law attracted maximum 5 to 10 years rigorous imprisonment (Hodak, 2007). In the year 1999, Jeff Skilling raised the cash by selling off his assets to overcome the paucity of funds. The assets of Enron Oil and Gas Company were put on sale for gaining information about the market value. The company ran its business smoothly

Differences Between Jefferson and Hamilton Schools Essay - 3

Differences Between Jefferson and Hamilton Schools - Essay Example This notion is supported by the explanation that elites have more resources and better skills set for the formation and execution of government. This view is further disregarded by Jefferson through another counter-argument that every form of government is corruptible and giving such power to limited individuals makes rest of the public vulnerable. Hamilton, on the other hand, believes that for stronger control over a system, executives in the government need to be strong and have complete sovereignty (Geer et al. 13). Another fundamental difference between Jefferson and Hamiltonian approaches is the presence of state government. Jefferson believes that the division of power between state and national governments would allow citizens to have more control of government’s decisions whereas Hamilton recognizes the concept of strong national government. Other than supporting citizens’ extensive rights, Jefferson believes that expanding gateways of influence would allow bett er liberty to people and will keep government accountable for its actions. This view is also contested by Hamiltonian approach as it believes that restriction in gateways would allow access of only educated, skilled and experienced elites to the government matters. Jeffersonian view believes that state should be more involved in internal matters instead of global issues. A hamiltonian approach, on the contrary, believes that strong strategic positioning in global affairs through established industrial and military power would benefit United States (Cunningham 106). Analyzing these differences helps in understanding that a Hamiltonian approach provides a more holistic system of government. It is understandable that all the individuals i.e. elites and common men, cannot have the same profile and skills for participating in government. Therefore, allowing educated individuals to have access to government offices ensures that only the most suitable and capable talent runs this instituti on. Of course, selecting elites representing different social segments would benefit American citizens more. There are rather limited benefits accrued to the American nation due to irreconcilable differences among these two approaches. Now, United States has a system which allows elites to represent interests of communities and states. Both of these regimes have strong disagreements regarding structure and role of government. Perhaps, finding a middle way i.e. system run by elites for the welfare of Commons would be more suitable. Question No. 6 Division of Power in American Constitution Division in power represents a division of authority among different branches of government along with national and state governments. The federal government divides into legislature which is Congress, executives which include president and other bureaucracy, and judiciary which is Supreme Court and federal courts (Geer et al. 11). Another name for this vertical division of power is the separation o f powers. This division of power among different branches of government ensures that no branch becomes too independent and strong in its authority and operations that it harms the interests of common citizens. This system of branches having authority over each other is called checks and balance.  

Expressions of Miami Vacation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Expressions of Miami Vacation - Essay Example The weather is pleasant and a long line of people is seen waiting outside the parrot jungle island. Young children, adolescents, middle-aged people as well as the elderly can all be seen waiting in these lines outside the entrance. There are people who can be distinguished from the locals who are waiting on special tourist counters as they are not aware of the ticket deals that are available at this tourist spot. Despite this rush, it can be accessed that the people waiting in these long lines are not disappointed owing to the lovely weather and the welcoming and warm staff of the parrot island who are organizing and managing the entrance and tickets really well. The situation inside the jungle island is no different and there are a lot of people seen inside as well. Tourists are seen to be moving in groups and some groups have their guides showing them the paths and explaining them the significance of different locations in the park. These tourists seem to be coming from every different corner of the world as they all seem to belong to different countries which can be analyzed by their languages and appearances. A Chinese couple is seen wandering here and there and they are being warmly guided by the locals for the ways and the different spots. Children are seen playing in the park of the island and they seem to be enjoying the atmosphere and the weather as well. Many elderly couples are seen seated on the benches and they are either busy in their conversations or are enjoying the beautiful sceneries around them. Young energetic couples and adolescents are seen moving around from here to there and analyzing and checking every corner of the island.  

Questionaire Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questionaire - Assignment Example The team is up against so many difficulties including lynch mobs of white people, arrest and near riot. Despite all those obstacles, the team finally manages to win a debate against a Harvard team that had a myriad of advantages. Cultural identities are constructed by human beings as a direct result of the experiences undergone by certain people or groups as well as the beliefs held by a specific group of persons. Through experiences and beliefs, people form attitudes that skew them towards associating with people from one culture or their own culture. Universally, people or groups of people have fears they harbor about certain cultures, hence making it difficult for them to associate. These fears lead to stereotypes which fuel cultural conflicts as people differ over worldviews and national cultures. http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2014/01/social_darwinism_and_class_essentialism_the_rich_think_they_are_superior.html the key theme here is social Darwinism, where the rich have the thought that they are superior to others. 3. Most of us have experienced privilege in some form (race, gender, age, looks, social class, status, etc.). What is privilege? Give examples describing how someone benefitted from privilege and how another has â€Å"lost out† because of someone else’s privilege. You may use personal or observed examples, but do not use hypothetical ones. According the Merriam Webster online dictionary, privilege is defined as a right or benefit that is given to some people and not to others. People may get privileges based on race, political inclinations as well as employment affiliations. In my own experience, I have seen a white man served first though he was at the rear end of the line while the others get to wait. In another instance, I witnessed a senior government official get away with over speeding without even a ticket due to his position. Finally,

Resourcing talent Essay Example for Free

Resourcing talent Essay The aims and objectives of this report are to: identify factors affecting an organization’s approach to attracting talent explain the benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce describe factors affecting organizational approach to recruitment and selection give examples of recruitment and selection methods explain the purpose of induction and give a sample induction plan 2. ATRACTING TALENT 2. 1. 4 FACTORS THAT AFFECT AN ORGANISATION’S APPROACH TO ATTRACTING TALENT An organisation’s ability to attract talent from outside depends on how potential applicants view the company, the sector in which it operates and its culture. This is why BRAND IDENTITY seems to be one of the most important factors influencing an organisation’s approach to attracting talent. The top-notch candidates will always ask ‘what’s in this for me’? ‘Unless a business is a brand new start-up, they’re likely to have an existing reputation as an employer – whether this is intentional or not. Given that potential new employees make decisions about joining based on this impression, it pays to define a strategy to make sure the right (and real) messages are being heard. ’ (http://www. pageexecutive. com/insights/talent-attraction-through-employer-branding). WORKFORCE PLANNING which is company likely needs for talent is another very important factor. An organisation’s approach to attracting talent is determined by its workforce planning (WFP). This means: predicting organisation workforce requirements by taking into account: existing skills, training and development, retention, career progression, staff turnover, external factors like: economic climate, demographics, working patterns, and most importantly the demand and supply in labour market. Organisations need to have strategic approach to attracting talent and need to understand the importance of investment in human capital. Talent strategy must be as close to corporate strategy as possible. SIZE OF ORGANIZATION – A small organization cannot have same staffing practices which a large organization may have; it may not be able to attract highly talented staff. Even if it tries to do so it may increase the staffing cost. TYPE OF TALENT THE ORGANISATION IS LOOKING FOR is a very important factor in organisation’s approach to attracting potential employees. For example the level of staff required will determine the recruitment pool, low level team members will be easy to find locally whilst to find a senior manager or a director a company may have to resource internationally. Other factors influencing a company’s talent management are: type of product/services the company is delivering, recruitment tools/methods available, the labour market, national as well as international, legal factors, socio-culture factors or political influences. 2. 2. CIPD POINT OF VIEW ON TALENT MANAGEMENT HR professionals have a very important role in talent management. They have to understand the 4 areas of talent management which are: attracting, developing, managing and evaluating talent. In the current uncertain economic climate strategic approach to talent management is even more important than ever before. 3. A DIVERSE WORKFORCE 3. 1. 3 ORGANISATION BENEFITS OF ATRACTING AND RETAINING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE Diversity is the art of thinking independently together’ Publisher Malcolm Forbes People need to be treated differently in ways that are fair and tailored to their needs but in ways that are aligned to business needs and objectives (The business case for diversity). There are many advantages of a diverse workforce: WIDENS THE RECRUITMENT POOL ACAS points out that the working generation is getting older therefore people from different cultural ; ethnic backgrounds are entering the workforce. REDUCES LABOUR TURNOVER – looking at the UK labour market in the last 10 years, foreign workers are more motivated to work for lower salaries than people living permanently in the UK. They tend to stay in a job for long mainly due to their financial commitment to families living abroad. GIVES GOOD CORPORATE REPUTATION and this helps to attract talent. Organizations with high level of diverse workforce are valued by many people e. g. large supermarkets by having a diverse workforce on the shop floor help international customers to communicate with staff in their own languages. Other benefits of a diverse workforce include: it’s a key to fostering new ways of thinking, opens up a wealth of possibilities and helps to encourage creativity and foster innovation, gives bias-free people policies and working practices, helps to develop new products and practices, opens up new markets and provides due diligence against discrimination claims. 3. 2. CIPD POINT OF VIEW ON DIVERSE WORKFORCE Recognizing and valuing diversity is crucial to good people management practice. HR practitioners have important role in creating inclusive workplace. CIPD advises to companies to go beyond legal compliance with anti-discrimination laws and create diversity strategy or they will become less attractive to potential employees. Company diversity strategy needs to support business objectives and strategies. 4. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION 4. 1. 3 FACTORS THAT AFFECT AN ORGANISATION’S APPROACH TO RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION Recruitment and selection is the process of having the right person, in the right place, at the right time. It should be affected by current needs as well as future plans (see workforce planning, page 3). One of the factors that can affect an organization’s approach to recruitment and selection is the EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES LEGISLATION. Companies should ensure that they take account of equality and diversity at all times. Organizations should monitor whole recruitment processes continuously to ensure their validity, and that they are non-discriminatory. Advice and guidance is provided by Equality and Human Rights Commission, for example wider advertising, flexible working hours arrangements or child care vouchers for employees. THE SIZE OF THE COMPANY AND RESOURCES AVAILABLE – small companies will have to use different recruitment and selection methods that the larger ones. The infrastructure and finance will determine if it’s a newspaper advert or TV campaign, for example: ‘Join the Army’ Campaign being used to recruit candidates. Also a small organisation will not be able to use assessment centres or psychometric testing due to low budget available. SUPPLY AND DEMAND The availability of manpower both within and outside the organization is an important determinant in the recruitment process. If the company has a demand for more professionals and there is limited supply in the market for the professionals demanded by the company, then the company will have to depend upon internal sources by providing them special training and development programs. Other factors include: costs, recruitment policy or unemployment rate. 4. 2. 3 DIFFERENT RECRUITMENT METHODS There are many recruitment methods available on the market including: advertising, agency, website, word of mouth, newspaper, posters, ‘milk round’, internships, head hunters, recommend a friend scheme, social media: Facebook, LinkedIn, job centre, etc. For the purpose of this exercise I will describe 3 methods in a table below: RECRUITMENT METHOD BENEFITS OTHER COMMENTS Advertising on the website Cost effective Creates employer’s branding Easily accessible Gives understanding of organization’s culture Broad recruitment pool HR managers are actively involved in recruitment and selection Recruitment agency Time effective Efficient Broadens the recruitment pool High standard UK eligibility and CRB checks done Is used to hire management level employees, mainly by larger organizations Recommend a friend scheme It’s less expensive than agency It comes with a recommendation of someone we already trust Used to employ all levels staff from waiters and chefs to senior management There is a risk of discrimination claim Source: Aleksandra Wozniak 2013 4. 3. 3 SELECTION METHODS There are many selection methods, including: assessment centres, speed networking, psychometric testing, daily trail – role practice, competency based interviews, telephone interviews/screening, group interviews/exercises or occupational tests. For the purpose of this exercise I will describe 3 methods in a table below: SELECTION METHOD BENEFITS OTHER COMMENTS Assessment centre Creates employer’s branding Time effective It’s expensive Doesn’t give understanding of organizational culture Face to face interview Time effective Efficient Cost effective Availability to see candidates’ attitude Opportunity for probing Needs good preparation Should be done by a trained and experienced interviewer Psychometric tests Gives highly predictive results Improves the efficiency of the recruitment process There is a risk of standardisation Source: Aleksandra Wozniak 2013 5. INDUCTION Induction is the process of familiarisation with the organisation and settling into the job (acas. org. uk). 5. 1. PURPOSE OF INDUCTION 1. Social welcome – employees feeling valued 2. Introduction to the Company’s culture 3. Physical orientation 4. Explanation of employee’s benefits: staff discount and pension scheme. 5. Check of eligibility to work in UK 6. Explanation of house rules – staff uniforms, reporting absences, etc. 5. 2. HOW DOES INDUCTION BENEFIT INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANISATIONS Most labour turnover is among new employees, and work efficiency is reached only after a period of learning and adjusting to the new environment. Induction benefits for individuals are: Builds positive attitude of the company Allows quick adjusting, especially for school leavers or people returning to the workforce Saves time The benefits of induction for an employer are: The chance to build on the positive attitude of the new recruit To answer their anxieties about how well they will get on with their co-workers and understand the standards and rules of the organisation Chance to welcome new employees and build on their positive attitude and enthusiasm for their new job An opportunity to familiarise new members of staff with your organisation To introduce them to their immediate colleagues and other members of the wider workforce Health and safety, equality and discrimination Case study illustrating the result of the lack of an induction process: A new employee starts on a Monday, reports to reception and no one knows he is due to start work on that day. He is sent to room 302 where 3 very surprised team members welcome him in a cold way. It transpires that the desk and computer are not ready and he has to share a desk with one of his colleagues. The new starter feels very lost and disappointed. He doesn’t know who to ask for help and find out only after going back home and visiting the web site. He contacts HR but the situation isn’t resolved until the following week. He doesn’t think positively about his new company and starts regretting quitting his last job. 5. 3. INDUCTION PLAN A copy of an induction plan should be kept by new starter to enable him to follow what is happening and will act as a reminder of anything missed or that needs particular attention. POSITION: EMPLOYEE START DATE: NAME: INDUCTION COMPLETION DATE: SIGNATURE: AREAS TO BE COVERED WHEN WHO HOW COMMENTS PERSONAL DOCUMENTATION/ ELIGIBILITY TO WORK IN UK CHECKED First day HR Take copies P45 First day HR Take copies NIN First day HR Take copies INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY First week Line manager Presentation Who’s who History Products/services/markets Future plans and developments TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT First day HR Written Written terms and conditions issued Contract of employment issued Hours, breaks, method of payment Holidays Clocking on/flexitime/reporting procedures Probationary period Period of notice Sickness provisions Pension provisions Maternity/paternity/parental leave provisions AREAS TO BE COVERED WHEN WHO HOW COMMENTS EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES POLICY AND WORKER DEVELOPMENT First week HR Verbal/Written Equal opportunities policy Training needs and objectives Further education/training policies Performance appraisal Promotion avenues Policy/procedures to prevent bullying and harassment WORKER/EMPLOYER RELATIONS First week Line manager Verbal Trade union membership Other worker representation Worker communications and consultation Grievance and disciplinary procedure Appeals procedure ORGANISATION RULES First week Mentor/Buddy Verbal/Coffee chat Smoking policy General behaviour/dress code Telephone calls/emails and use of the internet Canteen/break facilities Cloakroom/toilets/lockers HEALTH AND SAFETY First week Safety officer E learning Risk assessment Emergency procedures AREAS TO BE COVERED WHEN WHO HOW COMMENTS Awareness of hazards – any particular to type of work Safety rules Emergency procedures Clear gangways, exits Location of exits Reporting of accidents First aid Personal hygiene WELFARE AND WORKER BENEFITS/FACILITIES First month Section supervisor Coffee chat Sports facilities Protective clothing – supply, laundry, replacement Transport/parking arrangements Company discounts THE JOB First week Mentor/Buddy Coffee chat Introduction to manager/supervisor Requirements of new job Standards expected Co-workers Supervision and work performance appraisals Source: Induction, Appendix 3, acas. org. uk with small changes by Aleksandra Wozniak 2013 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Developing a game levels

Developing a game levels ABSTRACT: This dissertation is focused on the Current FPS Game Levels Played and Suggests how to Develop a Game level based on a gamers Feed backs. The full content and the Procedure of the Dissertation is based on experiences and first hand research In this dissertation you find all the needed data about how to create a level and the proper procedure of developing a level based on Gamers feed back. The process explained in this dissertation is much simpler and organized for the current generation of gaming We shall discuss on how to start of by understanding the current generation of Gamers and how to create a proper game level with the researched data. This dissertation explains the procedure thoroughly in such a way that it can be implemented at any given generations of gaming. The procedure can be used by any game designer. They can use the implemented data and get optimal result based on their first hand research. AIM: To analyze the perceptions of gamers and to develop a proper game level using their feed backs OBEJECTIVE: To explain the procedure for a proper game level To analyze the current status of gaming To evaluate the research data and come out with a proper conclusion To analyze the dos and donts for creating a level To provide a guideline to level designers to use researched materials To make a recommendation for creating a proper level in future METHODS: Establishing a targeted audiences A survey of current practice in different types of levels A survey of current practice in different types of themes used in levels A survey of current practice in different types of genres A series of case studies about the most popular levels A review of historical perspective of level designing A qualitative evaluation of gamers review Summary of Chapters Describing what is a game level The first phase is Introduction and brief history about level design. Readers will get a brief introduction about the topic and will also get to read some of the brief history Preparing for survey research The second phase is preparing a proper survey question for the audience. This phase is really important and will make you understand the current generation of gaming Establishing Targeted Audiences The third phase explains about choosing the right audiences for your research Interviewing them Individually The fourth phase will a face 2 face interview with the gamers and asking them questions according to the survey Analyzing the Researched Data The Fifth phase will be analyze all the researched data and create a proper chart of everything Pre Production ( Concepts Layouts And Design) The sixth phase we have to create concept arts and layouts according to the Chart Production ( Prototype and Modeling the Map) The Seventh Phase is the production part. Where we will be creating a proper prototype and then move on to creating the level Post Production ( lighting, Effects and Finalization) The Eighth phase is the finalization phase. Where we should have a proper working level. Then testing and balancing the level Selling your level The final phase is how to release and sell your level Introduction: Building levels is one of the most challenging and rewarding experiences I can think of. Taking pure imagination and making it come alive is absolutely addictive-a creative process so immersive and consuming that youll start craving it when you havent done it for too long. Some people think the fun is in playing the game, but, for a few special people, creating and building the environments in which other people play causes mere game playing to pale in comparison. If youre reading this book, you are probably one of those special people who have that compulsion to create, and, with your creation, entertain. Level design is a mixture of art and science. Level design requires artistic skills and as well as extensive technical knowledge. Any level designer with professional skills will no succeed by grasping current generation of gaming, game flow and pacing. A level designer who understands this structure has no architectural or Art experience will fail as well. Level designing is creations of levels in which the player interacts with the game environment to play in the game universe. A level is created by using the level design tools in an existing engine or even a new engine can be created to create your own level design according to your user interface and shortcuts. Many famous company usually develop there own level editor. This way they can keep up with the current generation of gaming and save a lot a time. Creating a level design might be easy for any level designer but the main question will the level sell or liked by the gamers? At least more than 100 of levels are posted online for different games out of which only very few get chosen and liked by gamers. The whole point of level design is How addictive and competitive is your level? Will it be played again and again? Will it sell in the market? In this dissertation you will get to see a complete guide on how to create a game level based on gamers feedback. And give you a complete solution on developing a working level which will sell in the market easily. The methods described in this dissertation can be analyzed and used at time of the gaming generation. The whole process revolves in an around gamers of current gaming generations. This dissertation is specially designed for wide range of people. Actually, the first priority group for this dissertation is game level designers. And this dissertation also explains how a level can be created by using the feedbacks of current generation of gaming. This dissertation is should be read from start to finish because you come to know that each chapter has it own meaning and importance. Chapter 1: Describing what is a game level Level designing is the creations of levels in a level editor by a level designer. To create a proper level design by a level designer needs artistic as well as architectural skills. Level is one who is never afraid to step back and re-correcting their content. A great designer needs to throw content out or work on concepts that needs attention A level designer creates a level try to sell it and make it famous it doesnt work why because the level? Have mention the reason below concept is boring and repetitive Themes are repetitive and not new Is not built properly Doesnt understand the current gaming generation Proper obstacles are not used It is extremely important for a level designer to recognize a proper level. Instead of making a same level which concept is already used? They should try to come out with something really new when his work is not coming together. In one instance a games become tired of playing the same level with the same and boring content over and over. A great level might gets scrapped or reworked because a designing cycle is dragging on and a gamers who plays it feels the work is not as fresh and new. A designer must recognize that their view is tainted. One good possibilities of creating a good level is by understanding the gamers of the current gaming generations History: In the earlier days there was no such thing has level designer. Everything was done by the programmer. So basically the game programmer does the programming part and the level designing part. The Beginning 1975-1980 In the beginning people never really cared about the levels in the games are played because. The first games where were developed didnt need that much of attention for levels. MUDs was one of the firsts games that actually required a lots of attention and time to the level designs .This Game was developed by Ralph Koster, Brad McQuaid, Mark Jacobs, Brian Green and J.Todd Coleman. A MUD ( multi-user dungeon ), is a multi-user real-time virtual world which is described entirely in text. Basically the game is a text based game. It have different features of elements like RPG ( role-playing-games), Interactive fictions and online chatting. Users actually got to see a lot in this game because of the details of the description such as rooms, object, other players, non-players characters, and actions performed in the virtual world Players interacts with each other by typing in commands. The designers where assigned to create new paths, design and tools for this game. The game interface used in this was ZZT, which was a early notable interface for mapping and event scripting, and it is still gentlest way to introduce a person to a level layout. Then later on game in 1978 the game Space invaders was created by Tomohiro Nishikado Space invaders was a two-dimensional game were you have to control a spaceship shooting at alien moving forward towards you. The whole was created and designed by Tomohiro Nishikado Himself. There was not much of details for the level of this game. But later on when it was popular in the market Different version was released in 2D and 3D In 1978 the famous game Adventure was created in Atari. This game was created based on the text based game called as Colossal Cave Adventure This game was developed by Atari and the designer of this game was Warrenn Robinnett the level designed in this game are simple maze where the players has to find the key get to the door by dodging all the obstacles and enemies on his way In the Middle (1980-1998) In 1980 The great game which is still played now was created. The game Pac Man It was the most best played in the earlier 80s. The creator of the game was Toru Iwantani He developed and as well as designed the game fully. If you see level of the game is a maze which makes the game more interesting. This game was so popular that later on it manufacture again with more difficulty and designs In 1985, the famous side scroller 2D game was created Super Mario Bros was created by Shingeru Miramato. He was a designer for Nintendo. The 2D level were very simple but yet realistic and nice at that time of gaming generation people played this game over and over and were still not bored of it. There were totally 4 types of different stages in this. The stages of this game had many obstacles and enemies which made the game more interesting In 1993, the first fps (first person shooter) game was released. Wolfenstein 3D this game was created by using a Software called ID software by john carmack. The levels in this game are like mazes. Your main goal is to escape out of the maze like prison. The level designed in this are not that much detailed. Most of the walls and the ceiling have the same color. It was pretty difficult but the game was fun and really enjoyed by the users The Change 1998-2009 In 1998, the game Unreal released and was a massive hit. The game unreal was created by epic games and was really famous for its graphics and sound effects which mad the game so realistic. The unreal released there unreal engine which was so much advanced and better compared to id software which created games like Wolfenstein 3d, Doom etc If you play the game unreal you see that the levels are really scaring and the effects of the game are really incredible. Unreal boosted the expectations of 3D graphics considerably. Unreal was one of the first games which used detailed textures. When player stand next to an object or wall the textures detail will fade in and make look more realistic instead of showing it blurry like other games. The lighting effects took time to develop but the result of it was incredible because the course of the development occurred during the emergence and rapid progression of hardware 3D accelerators. So , with the advanced software 3D render. CHAPTER 2: Preparing for Research Survey In this Chapter you will learn Researching about current gaming Generation Planning your Survey Research Preparing the proper question Research about games played and the market viability Preparing your Survey question Preparing your Survey Form Knowing about current gaming generation: Gaming generations are defined as the video games released from the day of existence till now. The generations are In 1970, the first generation also known as golden age of video games was the phase when people came to know the existence of gaming. This was the time when the first generations of consoles were released. For example the Brown Box these consoles got famous among the people because of the release of revolutionary technology. Then in the first generation the main frame computers were released. Later on the Home computers were introduced to programmers were they get to program simple games. In 1977, the Second generation of gaming started was the earliest consoles were made. In this generation the video games were found on cartridges, with the release of the Fairchild Video Entertainment System (VES). The games were programmed and burned onto a ROM chip which was mounted on a cartridge which will be plugged into slots on the console Three machines which dominated Second generation consoles are. Video Computer System ( VCS) Intellivision ColecoVision In 1983, the third generation was the innovation of genre, in this period the different types of genres were introduced to the Market. Such as Adventure, Fighting, Maze games, Platform Etc. The gaming computers were introduced with basic programming environment and advanced graphics. The famous consoles of this generation were the Nintendo 8 bit console and sega masters console. In 1990, the fourth generation was a change from transition from pixels to full 3D graphics and the rise of several new genres such as FPS ( first-person shooter) and RPG (Role playing games) . Mobile Phone gaming was introduced in this generation. Some of the famous console of this generation is the Sega mega drive and the super nes. The CD-ROM drives were first introduced in this generation. For the Pc games and Basic 3D graphics entered the main stream with flat shaded polygons which made the gaming more famous in this generation. In 1993, the fifth generation gaming was full on with CDs and not with Cartridges. In this period lot of companies released console with 3DO Interactive Multiplayer. The fifth generation was famous because of fully 3D games. Transitions to 3D and CDs happened in this generation. Most of the Designer moved from 2D to full 3D genre games. Some of the famous consoles of this generation are Sony playstation, Sega jaguar In 1998, the sixth generation gaming the gaming level was way beyond compared to the past were all the people switched to full 3D gaming and the rise of alternate controllers and also online gaming rises to prominence like online MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game) were introduced. The rise of pc causal games such as Bejeweled, Dinner Dash which really addictive among the adults. Some of the consoles of this Generation are Playstation2, Microsoft XBOX Game boy Advanced Etc. Since 2004, the current (Seventh) generation of gamers has taken effect. In the starting some of the handheld consoles were introduced with 3D graphics. (PSP, Nintendo DS) which was really famous among people. The Seventh generation of consoles was released by the well known companies (Sony playstaion3, Microsoft Xbox360 and Nintendo Wii) which is still famous among people and most played currently. Apple inc. enters the realm of gaming by bringing iPhone and iTouch. The computer gaming was way beyond imagination with high end 3D graphics. Famous company Nvidia Introduced the new 3D goggles for the feel of realistic 3D effect sitting at home.

The Status Of Childrens Rights In Nepal

The Status Of Childrens Rights In Nepal The purpose of this report is to assess the issues surrounding the childrens human rights in Nepal by criticising their status in conjunction with the applicable International Treaties. Simultaneously its aim is to illustrate the current situation, by providing information from findings regarding the violations on the rights of the children. Particularly it focuses on health status, sexual exploitation, forced labour and education and it reflects those violations, by providing statistical data and paradigms during and after the armed conflict. It would also give emphasis, on whether Nepal has complied with the International Conventions as well as whether any NGO.s gave any attention towards the crisis sustained in Nepal. Finally the report would make a general evaluation by providing recommendations in respect of Nepals implementations and promises for the improvement of childrens human rights, including the need of their protection and their future concern. II.Introduction Nepal in reality is one of the poorest and undeveloped countries in the world, which tries to be reborn from its own ashes, after witnessing and experiencing a 10 year internal violent armed conflict, due to the Maoist insurgency which ceased in 2006. Nonetheless the last years have been made significant changes and developments. In 2008, Nepal went from political instability to a Federal Democratic Republic as the UCPN-M  [1]  had agreed with the Nepalese government to come to an end with that conflict. Thus was guaranteed a peaceful government according to the CPA,  [2]  establishing equality and safeguarding fundamental human rights and freedoms. Despite the fact that, there is a gradual recovery and progress, serious human rights violations continue to occur, as Nepal still faces the aftershocks of the crisis. Arguably the armed conflict has stigmatised the most vulnerable group and has deprived from them their basic rights. Children have been victimised and faced ostracism of their houses, forced to be soldiers and arbitrarily detained by the government, subjected to ill-treatment and even torture. Others were used for exploitation and being subjected to sexual abuse depriving their right to be educated and also their health status has been deteriorated. Immediate help from human rights defenders and INGOs  [3]  was rapidly given globally, but still it is an imperative need as children demand their protection. Most of them still live under insecurity and instability facing risks of further violations of their rights. Thus is due consideration to highlight the current situation. III.Childrens Health Status and Human Exploitation in Armed Conflict It is claimed that children are majority in statistics but minority on social status in real world.  [4]  This statement reveals the current situation concerning childrens rights status in Nepal. Recent reports indicate that there have been grievous violations of childrens rights as hundreds have been killed by armed groups due to the political situation and others continue to be at risk even if the country is in a post-conflict stage. Moreover thousands were seriously injured and others have died because of diseases particularly from HIV/AIDS.  [5]  Their health status has been degrading  [6]  both physically and mentally as the armed conflict deprived from them their basic rights such as the right to family, food and shelter. The unfriendly environment had exposed orphaned children to conditions which had never experienced before. Moreover hundreds have been displaced from their families and have been subjected to violation, prostitution and involuntary servitude without their consent becoming vulnerable to high risks of infectious diseases. During and after the ceasefire, children exploitation had worsened their health as the majority of the victimised children have been unlawfully treated and exposed in dreadful conditions, facing oppression and coercion. Simultaneously the inadequate health system, resources and the insufficient manpower has worsened their health status. Even if Nepal has attained to streamline childs health the last decades by reducing mortality under 5 from 118% in 1996 to 61% in 2006, however disparities exist by different social groups regarding accessibility in the health system. The phenomenon of child trafficking is Nepals one of its major problems. Yet, no formal surveys have been prepared by the Nepalese government but the Committee concerned that there is lack of actual statistics of children victims on exploitation and trafficking.  [7]  However a research conducted by CWIN  [8]  in association with Save the Children revealed that 73,8% of 110 boys living on the street, had had non-consensual sexual intercourse.  [9]  Another tragic study conducted by ILO  [10]  estimated that about 5000 children, mainly girls are working as commercial sex workers.  [11]   Nonetheless Nepal had successfully ratified and had abided by the terms of OPSC.  [12]  Also the Interim Constitution of Nepal guarantees the protection of children against any form of abuse and exploitation as well as many acts such as the Childrens Act  [13]  and Human Trafficking and Transportation Control Act  [14]  is opposed to CSEC.  [15]  However the study of the CRC  [16]  Sub-Committee of the HRTMCC  [17]  reveals that the Nepalese provisions do not explicitly address the issues that fall under OPSC  [18]  and fail to accord with the CRC. Consequently that means the legislation does not safeguard the rights of the children from CSEC. According to the same study it was observed that even if institutions, centres and initiatives are combat against CSEC there is a lack of coordination between them  [19]  as there is an overlap due to government institutions. At the same time different projects cease to continue their work as there is no adequate financial support and also there is no specific programme to work against CSEC for the best interests of the child. Notably children who have participated in consultation meetings did not know about the government programmes regarding OPSC dissemination. Since most of the children are illiterate they cannot understand the provisions conducted by the Nepalese government combating CSEC; so without having the proper knowledge and support it would be an utopia for them to fight for their rights against CSEC which could be characterised as a modern type of slavery. IV.Forced Labour-DCL Myriad studies, indicate that the mission of the government is to enrich the status of the child in Nepal and make attempts in order to formulate strategies so as to eliminate the worst forms of DCL.  [20]   Nepal has one of the worst backgrounds regarding the forms of forced labour especially in the DCL. Frans Roselaers claimed that unacceptable forms of exploitation of children at work exist and persist but they are difficult to research due to their hidden, sometimes illegal or even criminal nature.  [21]  The phenomenon of child labour in Nepal takes lots of dimensions the last decades as children are economically active from their young age. In accordance to NFLS  [22]  the participation rate for children is estimated at about 40.4%.  [23]   The current political situation, poverty and the harmful traditional practices use children to be exposed in the worst hazardous conditions and forced them to drop out from school depriving from them their education. The constitution of Nepal prohibits child labour and the Nepalese government after the ratification of CRC indicated the commitment of ensuring that children do not have to work. Therefore Nepal was obligated to enact respective domestic laws. Within this context enacted the Childrens Act  [24]  and also Child Labour Act  [25]  strictly prohibiting and eradicating child labour. Furthermore in 1997 ratified C138  [26]  with object the abolition of child labour and became a member of the SAARC.  [27]  Also, the IPEC  [28]  operates in Nepal with intention to create policies against child labour. An issue which is yet due consideration is whether children rights have indeed made progress after the ratification of the Conventions in conjunction with the new democratic system of Nepal by enacting respecting legislation, policies that present a development on their human rights status. It must be emphasised that there is a significant reduction of bonded labour to 40.4% compared to 47.0% of the total child population which was detected in NLFS 1998. Although the Committee in its one observation concerned that despite the efforts of the state party to abolish the worst forms of child labour, the prevalence of child labour remains high particularly in hazardous conditions of work.  [29]   In 2009, the CEACR  [30]  despite Nepals ratification of C182  [31]  and Optional Protocol to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict  [32]  requested the government to take measures in order to amend its domestic legislation and prohibit the forced recruitment of children less than 18 years for use in armed conflict. The Committee also observed that the government has not made respective laws which are consistent with the provisions of the Convention in order to prohibit a person below 18 years to be exposed in hazardous work. V.Education Education is childrens prime concern and also it could be considered the basis of creating a safe future for a nation. Children are the principal participants of a country and especially Nepal which is a nation where education must be promoted among other developments made by the state. Nepal has ratified the ICESCR  [33]  where Articles 13 and 14 highlight the issue of free compulsory education. Although Nepal consented to the terms in order to provide free education between the ages of 6 and 11; the provisions regarding the Covenant are not followed. Also in one of its latest reports the UN  [34]  Committee observed that Nepal has yet to adopt a policy of compulsory education and further comments that there is a gap concerning the attendance between girls and boys as well as there is great disparity between castes ethnic and indigenous groups. The emancipation of children from a young age had used them to work hard as their families do not invest in their educational needs because of monetary hardships. Statistics from a recent survey conducted by the ILO demonstrating the seriousness of the situation; 9% of the total child population, have never attended school and 59% have not even completed their primary education.  [35]  Remarkably the gender gap remains a problem as mostly girls are discriminated from education due to the patriarchal traditions who want girls to be married from their young age. VI.Human Rights Defenders NGOs such as UNICEF  [36]  play a fundamental role as their mission is to safeguard the rights of the children in Nepal. UNICEF had provided mechanisms for the needs of the children supporting them in various ways: providing rehabilitation and remuneration programmes as well as reintegration programmes. A NGO named Save the Children focuses mainly in the development of education and health of the children by trying to regulate and reduce youth mortality. establishing strategic partnerships with the government. VII.Conclusion Hence the poor economic status, poverty and also the bad cultural practices in Nepal, illustrate childrens human rights in their worst form. Even if the state has made step forward by ratifying international conventions there is lack of enforcement of the law and policies which in reality constitutes the main gap for any solutions. Nonetheless, Nepal could not be the only fighter of safeguarding the child rights through its legislative framework, but the key lies on the general system of human resources and society which must be sensitive on issues surrounding childrens rights. IX.Recommendations Effective strategies must be conducted by the PPCC  [37]  which would enforce policies for solving the issues of DCL. Even if education has been hindered by poverty, it could be the response to diminish child labour and enrich the status of the child. The Nepalese government must immediately ratify the third Optional Protocol,  [38]  as pursuant to it, abused children that became victims of prostitution and trafficking could have the opportunity to raise their voice and bring complaints for violations of their rights. The state must give attention to the UN observations concerning discrimination in education in which it must eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education. Trade unions should continue to encourage these challenges in the process of educational restructure and put pressure to the government of changing its policies in all levels of education corresponding to the provisions contained in ICESCR. Streamline 2000 words. X.Bibliography-References Rehman, J., (2010). International Human Rights Law (2nd edition). Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Naftali B., 2011. International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law (1st edition). Oxford: University Press. Gajurel, D.P., 2007. Child Rights in Nepal, [online].Unpublished Menuscript, Kathmandu: Nepal Law Campus, Faculty of Law, Tribhuvan University. Available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract id= 1106619. [Accessed 27th November 2012]. Aruna, J., 2008. Impact of Armed Conflict on Children in Nepal: Situation Analysis of their health status. [online]. Kathmandu School of Law Child Rights Search and Resource Centre, Nepal. Available at: www.ksl.edu.np/crc_students-article.asp. [Accessed 27th November 2012]. Child Rights NGO Report Prepared by: CRC Sub-committee, Human Rights Treaty, Monitoring Coordination Committee (HRTMCC), Secretariat: Child Nepal (CN)., 2011. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (2000). [online]. CN Promoting Child Rights through Education. Available at: www.childrennepal.org/showmodule.php?url=crc. [Accessed 27th November 2012]. Child Rights NGO Report Prepared by: CRC Sub-committee, Human Rights Treaty, Monitoring Coordination Committee (HRTMCC), Secretariat: Child Nepal (CN)., 2011. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (2000). [online]. CN Promoting Child Rights through Education, 2011, 21. Available at: www.childrennepal.org/showmodule.php?url=crc. [Accessed 27th November 2012]. Child Rights NGO Report Prepared by: CRC Sub-committee, Human Rights Treaty, Monitoring Coordination Committee (HRTMCC), Secretariat: Child Nepal (CN)., 2011. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (2000). [online]. CN Promoting Child Rights through Education, 2011, 13. Available at: www.childrennepal.org/showmodule.php?url=crc. [Accessed 27th November 2012]. International Labour Organization (ILO) Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal,. 2008. NEPAL CHILD LABOUR REPORT based on data drawn from the Nepal Force Labour Survey. [online]. ILO 2008, xi. Available at: http://www.ilo.org/kathmandu/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_182988/langen/index.htm [Accessed 27th November 2012]. International Labour Organization (ILO) Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal,. 2008. NEPAL CHILD LABOUR REPORT based on data drawn from the Nepal Force Labour Survey. [online]. ILO 2008, xii. Available at: http://www.ilo.org/kathmandu/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_182988/langen/index.htm [Accessed 27th November 2012]. UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 2008. Nepal: Persistent violations of childrens rights. [online]. Available at: http://www.crin.org/resources/infodetail.asp?ID=29608. [Accessed date 27th November]. Karen C.T., 2000. Trafficking in children in Asia; a regional overview. [online]. ILO. Available at: www.ilo.orf/asia/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_BK _PB _7 _EN/langen/index.htm. [Accessed 27th November]. Gonzà ¡lez, Z., 2002. International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour El Salvador, The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents: A Rapid Assessment [online]. Available at:http://www.ilo.org/public/spanish/standards/ipec/simpoc/elsalvador/ra/sexexp.pdf. [Accessed 26th November 2012].

Characterization in The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Tennessee Williams

Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie makes use of the characters to not only show a story but to also tell a story. Characterization is how characters are represented and the ways in which this is accomplished, such as, how an author limits one’s responses, questions or observations, for instance. An author may also characterize a character through his or her gestures or speeches. The idea of characterization and how one character’s actions may enlighten audiences to issues surrounding another character is brilliantly illustrated by Williams in his The Glass Menagerie. On the surface of the play the issues present seem to be rooted in the fact that Laura is â€Å"crippled† and unwed, however, upon further examination it is seen that there are other deeper issues. Williams writes in his production notes that this is a â€Å"memory play† (1041). What is interesting about The Glass Menagerie is the point of whose memory the audience is exposed to. Tom acts as the protagonist because it is his memory that audiences must trust, as the narrator in addition to being the man of the house in the absence of his father. As the play progresses we see the relationship and conversations between Tom and his mother Amanda. In this we see Amanda’s character (not the actor) as overbearing, fantastical and controlling. Upon further assessment of Amanda’s character audiences may concede to the fact that she is these things while acknowledging a more admirable facet to her character. As pointed out in a lecture by Dr. Pearl McHaney there are lines in the play in which it is evident that Amanda is trying to love her children. For example, in Scene four during a conversation between Amanda and Tom, Amanda confides, â€Å"I’ve never told yo... ...point in that the title of the play is The Glass Menagerie. This title does present different ideas and themes such as, the idea of the family being so fragile. The menagerie is beautiful on the outside but easily broken much like the family. They have hidden secrets and fears. However, when one examines the story through a lens focused on characterization and how each character is depicted a conclusion may be drawn that the title serves as a hint for audiences to pay closer attention to Laura as she is the one most closely connected to the menagerie. Works Cited McHaney, Pearl A. Lecture on The Glass Menagerie. Engl 3860-American Drama. Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA. 20 June 2006. Williams, Tennessee.   The Glass Menagerie. 1945.   The Bedford Introduction to Drama. 5th ed.   Lee A. Jacobus, ed.   Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2005.   1041-1069.

Interpersonal Communication Problems Essay -- Communication Communicat

Interpersonal Communication Problems Over the telephone my boss gives me an instruction. I hear it, give my recognition, hang up then realize that I am not clear on exactly what it is that I am to do. Something about the proper way to add up my hours is the basic message, but the way she has explained it is not clear to me. Yet. As far as she is concerned, every word she spoke, that is, the way she described her instructions, was perfectly spelled out. She sits in her office confident that her explanation is clear, while I sit behind my desk like some detective trying to solve this great mystery. Although I understood every word she spoke, what she spoke does not register. No eureka bells are setting off. I have trouble decoding her words. I cannot apply the words she's "transmitted." I am experiencing communication problems. This happens all the time. As in the case just described, somewhere between her message and my reception of it, the meaning got lost. To the best of her knowledge, she has gone over a procedure that I have successfully grasped. But it remains unclear to me because I do not understand the way in which she is presenting it. To my boss, it is of course direct and sound, as it is from her mind that the words and thoughts are being emitted. However, as soon as they collided with my own thinking processes they lost complete lucidity. My faculties tell me she is talking but saying nothing sensible. Her faculties tell her her circular sentences are making sense. I periodically acknowledge what she is relaying. She keeps relaying. We are communicating. But are we really? Given this situation, one is led to consider whether it is possible that, that is, can it be that, true communication is impossible? After a... ...y did her presentation of the information pose a problem? Considering we should have understood each other by the virtue of the fact that we speak the same language, this should not have been the case. As a matter of fact, this case shows that even though we were using the same language I could not decipher her meaning. Her mind works in ways that mine does not. And if it is through our minds that we formulate information, then how can it be that what we are communicating will be received in its true form? No two minds work alike nor are their two beings which feel alike. Therefore, how can anyone know exactly what is being communicated? Each of us has a one-of-a-kind make-up. And though, yes, we do understand the use of words and their semantic properties, the fact that we even have to use words to effectively communicate alone makes true communication questionable.

Chinas One-Child Policy Essays -- Human Rights Violations in China

â€Å"Thousands of women are being dragged out of their homes, thrown into ‘family planning’ cells, strapped to tables, and forced to abort pregnancies, even up to the ninth month. Forced abortion and sterilization are China’s war on women† ("The Reality of China's" 1). This was said by Reggie Littlejohn, the president of Women’s Rights Without Frontiers. Due to the rising population and the one-child policy, there are many human rights violations; however there are organizations, such as Women’s Rights Without Frontiers, which are helping to stop the problem. Due to the one-child policy there are many serious human rights infractions. Since the policy has been in effect, there have been more than 400 million prevented births ("China: One-child Policy" 1). Groups of women are being gathered and forced to get sterilized ("Family Planning? What" 1). â€Å"I realized there’s a Tiananmen Square massacre going on every day and no one knows about it.† This was said by Chai Ling, a leader in the Tiananmen Square Massacre. She is referring to all of the forced abortions and killings of female babies in China ("Fighting China's One Child" 1). The policy is enforced through fines, job loss, involuntary abortions and sterilizations ("The Reality of China's" 1). Many women are forced to get abortions and become sterilized. For example, a woman was given injections to induce an abortion. When the shots failed, the baby was surgically removed and cut into pieces ("Fighting China's One Child" 1). Another example is when government o fficials were told they would have their salaries cut in half if they didn’t sterilize 1,369 people, give 818 women IUD’s, and give 163 abortions in 35 days ("U.S. Groups Hit China's" 4). One horrifying example sh... ...ina’s Abominable One-Child Policy.† The New American 11 June 2007: 1-2. InfoTrac Student Edition. Web. 15 Feb. 2015. â€Å"Protecting Women and Girls in China, Where One Child Per Family is the Rule - and a Boy is the Preference.† The Christian Science Monitor 16 Aug. 2010: 1-3. InfoTrac Student Edition. Web. 14 Feb. 2015. â€Å"The Reality of China’s One-Child Policy: A Forced Abortion at Eight Months.† CNSNews.com. Cybercast News Service, 22 Oct. 2010. Web. 15 Feb. 2015. . â€Å"Two For Joy: the Natural Way Out of (China’s) One-Child Policy.† New Internationalist Dec. 1999: 1-2. InfoTrac Student Edition. Web. 15 Feb. 2015. â€Å"U.S. Groups Hit China’s One-Child Policy; House Focuses on Breaches of Human Rights.† The Washington Times 24 Dec. 2004: 1-6. InfoTrac Student Edition. Web. 14 Feb. 2015.

Cognitive Processes Paper Essay

Subliminal perception is believed to be effected by its based finding of mind control, weather it’s one person or group of people. Mind control can be used on a group of people without their awareness. The perception of this idea is to get people to do things that would not normally do. For instance, during the 1950s there was a message that says Drink Coca-Cola which attack many people into trying this product or making them thirsty for a cold Coca Cola. This ad was used enter a person mind while making them thirsty for the item, because the company wants to sell their product (Pratkanis, 1992). This ad was used in order to send a subliminal message to the unconscious mind so they would try the product without knowing they were being control in to doing something they did not want to do. The company strategically is to mind persuade or manipulated each individual into doing what the company what the individual to without them knowing they are being brainwash into doing someth ing new. Once an individual feeds into an ad, the subliminal message has persuaded several individual into trying or buying a new product. Subliminal Perception is a manipulation of thoughts, attitudes, and a behavior which is observes by their awareness of stimulus. Since there is some controversy, there is adequate evidence on how observer’s response can be affected by the stimuli in which they claim how they have not seen. The cognitive psychologist is not predominantly devastating, but the media and the public has responded several times to the notion of subliminal perception. Most people do not think of being subliminal manipulation but we need to determine whether the conditions are reflected within the product. So now each individual is control into purchasing these items without knowing how they were manipulated into making a purchase. Throughout the years subliminal perception has been used on many advertisements in order to influence each person to purchase their product weather they need it or not (Moore 1982, 1988). Visual perception is what we our eyes and brain does on daily basics. When looking at images we see them as a whole instead of in sections. Although, images can be broken into their visual elements, such as shapes, lines texture and color. These images that we see allow our eyes to focus helps our brain to get acquainted with the image, in order for us to transmit the information into our brain. Psychologist explains the process of the physical energy which is received by the sense organs. These sensory are converted into perceptions of sight, sound smell taste, and touch (McLeod, 2007). Since there are two different approaches of visual perception, the first approach is to perceive the constructive while approaching the pondering. The direct approach is to emphases the richness of the visual environment from moment to moment. Whereas the constructive approach is what could be considered the subsequent steps of the visual experience which include the roles of memory, imagination while problem solving the world as we see it. Although, the constructive approach attend to focus more on the cognitive factors rather than specify the aspects of visual stimulus (Rochat 1999) When processing the visual perception their main focus emphasize on the top down interpretation which inherent the expectation of our knowledge while surrounding the information of the cognitive factors. Wagner and Sparrow (2004) talk about the direct bodily feedback from the visual perception and how their action is significant and appreciate to the three dimensional worlds. Vision is the majority prevailing sense; in which we use for all information throughout the world. Once we open our eyes there is some form of light that enters our eye while processing this information to our brain. Once this information has enter our brain we see object and how they operate and they way they move. Visual perception has taken a different approach of perception, beginning with its function of vision which serves as an active observer within the environment. The general induction of our current knowledge is to study the vision and its function (Wade & Swanston, 2001). Auditory perception has the capability to recognize and understand sound with explicit organs, such as a person ear. Each sound can exists in the form of vibrations which can travel through the air or other substances. Our ears can identify the sound of vibrations, while converting it into a nerve impulse which is immediately sent to the brain where it can be distinguish. If an individual is deaf he or she has no auditory perception because they cannot interpret any sound. Although, when it comes to animals they can make out different sound, especially dogs they are skilled in perceiving sounds of a very high pitch where as humans cannot hear a sound of that capacity. There are several factors that can affect the auditory perception further than hearing any type of sounds. Our brain is mostly responsible for it many processes it can turn a large group of incoming noise into something useful and clear. Auditory perception discrimination is a process of being able to know the differences between sounds; however it is tremendously important to know the language of sound as if it was speaking different sounds. Among the affect of discrimination the foreground and the background is a significant part of auditory discrimination. It’s important to be focus on the important noises so the not so important notice will not be so overwhelming to the human ear. ( Broadbent, 1958, and Cherry 1953). Reference Michael T. Swanston; Nicholas J. Wade Authors Visual Perception An Introduction 2nd Edition. McLeod, S, A. (2007). Visual Perception Retrieved from www.simplypschology.org